The baseline is that you're no good, and if you somehow "accidentally" do something good, you have to discount it - so very true, sadly.
Not so sure about this though: They screwed something up, and they feel bad about it, but rather than take responsibility for it, they'll look at their pain and say, I have low self-esteem. More likely they screwed up (and who does not screw up from time to time) and thought 'typical I always do this, I am no good' or words to that effect.
A more level headed person would say, 'I could have done better, but hey ho, these things happen, how can I avoid this in future?'